Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Oxidation Numbers

Oxidation Numbers

In redox reactions, the transfer of electrons occurs between reacting species. Electron transfer is described by a hypothetical number called the oxidation number (or oxidation state). It represents the effective charge of an atom or element, which is assigned using a set of rules.

Pyruvate Oxidation

Pyruvate Oxidation

After glycolysis, the charged pyruvate molecules enter the mitochondria via active transport and undergo three enzymatic reactions. These reactions ensure that pyruvate can enter the next metabolic pathway so that energy stored in the pyruvate molecules can be harnessed by the cells.
First, the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase removes the carboxyl group from pyruvate and releases it as carbon dioxide. The stripped molecule is then oxidized and releases electrons, which are then picked up by NAD+...

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

Oxidation–Reduction Reactions

Oxidation of Alcohols

Oxidation of Alcohols

In this lesson, the oxidation of alcohols is discussed in depth. The various reagents used for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols are detailed, and their mechanism of action is provided.
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox...

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Safety of maintaining elective and emergency surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic with the introduction of a Protected Elective Surgical Unit (PESU): A cross-specialty evaluation of 30-day outcomes in 9,925 patients undergoing surgery in a University Health Board.

Surgery open science·2022

Same author

Neuroinflammation is a putative target for the prevention and treatment of perioperative neurocognitive disorders.

British medical bulletin·2019

Same author

Interleukin-6 is both necessary and sufficient to produce perioperative neurocognitive disorder in mice.

British journal of anaesthesia·2018

Same author

The hip fracture surgery in elderly patients (HIPELD) study to evaluate xenon anaesthesia for the prevention of postoperative delirium: a multicentre, randomized clinical trial.

British journal of anaesthesia·2018

Same author

Perioperative management of the obese surgical patient.

British medical bulletin·2017

Same author

Theseus, the Labyrinth, and the Minotaur of anaesthetic-induced developmental neurotoxicity.

British journal of anaesthesia·2017

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

Published on: January 13, 2018

Past, present, and future of nitrous oxide.

V Lew¹, E McKay¹, M Maze¹

¹Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,USA.

British Medical Bulletin

|March 13, 2018

Summary

Nitrous oxide (N2O) offers significant analgesic and anesthetic benefits but faces scrutiny due to its environmental impact. Emerging research explores its potential for treating depression and combating the opioid crisis.

Area of Science:

Anesthesiology
Environmental Science
Pharmacology

Background:

Nitrous oxide (N2O) has been a clinical staple for nearly two centuries.
Its continued use is debated due to environmental concerns versus established clinical advantages.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current standing of nitrous oxide in clinical practice.
To evaluate the balance between its benefits and environmental drawbacks.
To identify emerging research areas for N2O.

Main Methods:

A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed.
The review encompassed both preclinical and clinical studies.
Search terms were selected based on the defined scope of the review.

More Related Videos

Assessment of Methane and Nitrous Oxide Fluxes from Paddy Field by Means of Static Closed Chambers Maintaining Plants Within Headspace

Assessment of Methane and Nitrous Oxide Fluxes from Paddy Field by Means of Static Closed Chambers Maintaining Plants Within Headspace

Published on: September 6, 2018

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Published on: March 31, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

Published on: January 13, 2018

Assessment of Methane and Nitrous Oxide Fluxes from Paddy Field by Means of Static Closed Chambers Maintaining Plants Within Headspace

Assessment of Methane and Nitrous Oxide Fluxes from Paddy Field by Means of Static Closed Chambers Maintaining Plants Within Headspace

Published on: September 6, 2018

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Published on: March 31, 2023

Main Results:

Nitrous oxide retains significant analgesic and anesthetic properties, even with newer alternatives available.
Environmental concerns, specifically its greenhouse gas effect and enzyme inhibition, are prominent points of controversy.
Growing evidence supports N2O's efficacy in treating resistant depression.

Conclusions:

Despite environmental controversies, nitrous oxide's clinical benefits persist.
Further research into its role in managing treatment-resistant depression and the opioid epidemic is warranted.
Comparative studies are crucial to fully assess N2O's future clinical utility.