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'Athlete's heart' in prepubertal children.

T W Rowland, B C Delaney, S F Siconolfi

    Pediatrics
    |May 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary

    Endurance training in young swimmers shows early signs of the "athlete's heart," including lower heart rates. However, these changes rarely mimic cardiac disease or appear on routine physical exams.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Cardiology
    • Sports Medicine
    • Exercise Physiology

    Background:

    • The "athlete's heart" describes cardiac adaptations in adult endurance athletes.
    • The prevalence and clinical significance of these changes in children are not well-established.
    • Distinguishing athlete's heart from pathological cardiac conditions is crucial for pediatricians.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the presence and characteristics of the athlete's heart in prepubertal male swimmers.
    • To compare cardiac findings in young athletes with a control group of non-trained boys.
    • To determine if these adaptations mimic cardiac disease in children.

    Main Methods:

    • Physical examination, electrocardiogram (ECG), and echocardiogram were performed on 14 prepubertal competitive swimmers.
    • Findings were compared to those of age-matched, active, non-trained control boys.
    • Evaluated for bradycardia, cardiomegaly, murmurs, and ECG/echocardiographic changes.

    Main Results:

    • Swimmers exhibited lower resting heart rates compared to controls.
    • Echocardiograms revealed signs of chronic left ventricular volume overload in swimmers.
    • No significant ECG alterations were found in the athlete group.
    • These cardiac adaptations were not apparent on routine physical examination.

    Conclusions:

    • Prepubertal endurance training induces athlete's heart features, such as bradycardia and ventricular remodeling.
    • These physiological changes in young athletes seldom simulate underlying heart disease.
    • Routine clinical examinations may not detect these subtle adaptations in pediatric athletes.

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