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Olfactory dysfunction in multiple sclerosis.

Arife Çimen Atalar1, Yüksel Erdal1, Betül Tekin2

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Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
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Olfactory dysfunction is common in multiple sclerosis (MS), even in early stages. Impaired sense of smell correlates with cognitive decline and disease duration in MS patients.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory Science

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease leading to disability.
  • Olfactory dysfunction is an underdiagnosed clinical manifestation of MS.
  • Understanding olfactory function's role in MS is crucial for early detection and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess olfactory function in MS patients.
  • To investigate the relationship between olfactory dysfunction and MS disease duration, disability, and cognitive status.
  • To explore olfaction as a potential marker for MS progression.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 31 MS patients and 24 healthy controls were recruited.
  • The Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center (CCCRC) olfactory test was administered.
  • Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA).

Main Results:

  • MS patients exhibited significantly lower CCCRC olfactory test scores compared to controls.
  • Lower olfactory scores correlated with longer MS disease duration and increased attack frequency.
  • No correlation was found between Expanded Disability Status Scale scores and olfactory function.
  • MOCA scores positively correlated with all domains of olfactory test scores.

Conclusions:

  • Olfactory dysfunction is present in early stages of MS.
  • Cognitive impairment is associated with olfactory dysfunction, even in early-stage MS patients.
  • Olfactory assessment may serve as a surrogate marker for monitoring MS progression over time.