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Aflatoxin M1 in fresh milk collected from local markets of Karachi, Pakistan

Muhammad Asif Asghar1, Aftab Ahmed1, Muhammad Arif Asghar2

  • 1a Food and Feed Safety Laboratory, Food and Marine Resources Research Centre , PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Shahrah-e-Salimuzzaman Siddiqui , Karachi , Pakistan.

Food Additives & Contaminants. Part B, Surveillance
|March 14, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) contamination in fresh milk is a serious public health concern in Karachi, Pakistan. High levels of AFM1 were found in over 91% of samples, exceeding safety limits set by the EU and USA.

Area of Science:

  • Food Science
  • Public Health
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a toxic metabolite found in milk, posing risks to consumer health.
  • Milk is a staple food, making its safety crucial for public health, especially in developing regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the prevalence and levels of AFM1 contamination in fresh milk marketed in Karachi, Pakistan.
  • To compare AFM1 contamination levels with international regulatory limits.

Main Methods:

  • Collection of 156 fresh milk samples from local markets in Karachi between 2016-2017.
  • Analysis of AFM1 contamination using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique.

Main Results:

  • AFM1 was detected in 143 (91.7%) of the milk samples.
  • Mean AFM1 level was 346.2 ng/L, with levels ranging from 20 to 3090 ng/L.
  • 80.1% of samples exceeded the EU's maximum limit (50 ng/L), and 32.7% exceeded the USA's limit (500 ng/L).
  • Significantly higher AFM1 levels were observed in summer compared to winter (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • AFM1 contamination in fresh milk in Karachi represents a significant public health issue.
  • Urgent measures are needed to control AFM1 levels, including re-evaluating farming, transportation, refrigeration, and storage practices.
Keywords:
Aflatoxin M1ELISAKarachiPakistanfresh milk

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