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Zika virus: from an obscurity to a priority.

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Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks caused severe neurological and congenital issues, prompting extensive research into its biology, host interactions, and potential treatments. This review consolidates recent findings on this re-emerging public health threat.

Keywords:
Animal modelsImmune responsesTherapeuticsZika virus

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Zika virus (ZIKV) re-emerged globally between 2013-2016, causing significant neurological complications in adults and congenital deformities.
  • These outbreaks elevated ZIKV to a major public health concern, necessitating urgent scientific investigation.
  • Despite its discovery 70 years ago, ZIKV gained prominence only recently due to widespread epidemics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of recent advancements in Zika virus research.
  • To consolidate novel findings on ZIKV pathogen biology, host-virus interactions, and immune responses.
  • To highlight potential therapeutic strategies against ZIKV infection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of extensive studies conducted over the past two years.
  • Analysis of research on ZIKV pathogen biology and infection mechanisms.
  • Examination of immune responses in established animal models.
  • Assessment of potential therapeutics for ZIKV infection.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in understanding ZIKV's biology and its impact on host immunity.
  • Various animal models have been utilized to study virus-host interplay.
  • Research has identified potential therapeutic avenues for ZIKV infection.
  • The review consolidates a diversity of novel findings, addressing gaps in current knowledge.

Conclusions:

  • Zika virus (ZIKV) remains a critical re-emerging pathogen requiring continued research and surveillance.
  • Consolidated knowledge is essential for developing effective countermeasures against ZIKV.
  • Further studies are needed to fully understand and combat the long-term effects of ZIKV infection.