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Related Concept Videos

Induced-fit Model01:13

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Most chemical reactions in cells require enzymes—biological catalysts that speed up the reaction without being consumed or permanently changed. They reduce the activation energy needed to convert the reactants into products. Enzymes are proteins, that usually work by binding to a substrate—a reactant molecule that they act upon.
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Induced Electric Dipoles01:28

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A permanent electric dipole orients itself along an external electric field. This rotation can be quantified by defining the potential energy because the external torque does work in rotating it. Then, the potential energy is minimum at the parallel configuration and maximum at the antiparallel configuration. While the former is a stable equilibrium, the latter is an unstable equilibrium.
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Induced Electric Fields01:23

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The fact that emfs are induced in circuits implies that work is being done on the conduction electrons in the wires. What can possibly be the source of this work? We know that it’s neither a battery nor a magnetic field, as a battery does not have to be present in a circuit where current is induced, and magnetic fields never do any work on moving charges. The source of the work is in fact an electric field that is induced in the wires. For example, if a stationary conductor is placed in a...
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Spontaneous and Induced Mutations01:30

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Spontaneous mutations arise infrequently during DNA replication due to errors in the process. A key factor behind these errors is tautomeric shifts in nitrogenous bases, where bases transition from keto to enol forms or amino to imino forms. This shift can alter base-pairing rules, leading to mutations. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) arising from aerobic metabolism can damage DNA, resulting in depurination (loss of a purine base) or depyrimidination (loss of a pyrimidine base).
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Generation of 3D Skin Organoid from Cord Blood-derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Posaconazole-Induced Pseudohyperaldosteronism.

Kevin Kuriakose1, Whitney J Nesbitt2, Matthew Greene3

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA kkuriakose6@gmail.com.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
|March 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Posaconazole treatment for disseminated histoplasmosis can cause apparent mineralocorticoid excess, leading to heart failure and hypokalemia. This occurs due to inhibition of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2, affecting hormone levels.

Keywords:
aldosteronehypertensionhypokalemiamineralocorticoidposaconazolepseudohyperaldosteronism

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Area of Science:

  • Internal Medicine
  • Pharmacology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Disseminated histoplasmosis requires effective antifungal therapy.
  • Posaconazole is an alternative treatment when first-line options are not tolerated.

Observation:

  • A patient receiving posaconazole developed heart failure, hypertension, and hypokalemia.
  • Laboratory findings included suppressed renin and aldosterone levels.

Findings:

  • Posaconazole may inhibit 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2.
  • This inhibition can lead to apparent mineralocorticoid excess.

Implications:

  • Clinicians should monitor for mineralocorticoid excess in patients on posaconazole.
  • Understanding this drug interaction is crucial for patient safety and management.
  • Further research into posaconazole's endocrine effects is warranted.