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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Training Dogs for Awake, Unrestrained Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Training Dogs for Awake, Unrestrained Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: October 13, 2019

A simple model predicts energetically optimised jumping in dogs.

Katherine A J Daniels¹, J F Burn²

¹Queen's School of Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TR, UK k.daniels@bristol.ac.uk.

The Journal of Experimental Biology

|March 14, 2018

Summary

Animals, like dogs, use energy-efficient jump trajectories. A new model identifies optimal jump paths, revealing dogs

Keywords:

Biomechanics Energetics Locomotion Manoeuvre Optimisation

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Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Animal Locomotion
Robotics

Background:

Animals minimize energy use during locomotion.
Jumping is a versatile locomotor maneuver used by many terrestrial animals.
Understanding the energetic costs of jumping is crucial for analyzing animal movement.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a simple ballistic model to identify energy-minimizing jump trajectories.
To investigate whether domestic dogs exhibit anticipatory control in their locomotor behavior during jumps.
To provide a model for analyzing energetically optimized behavior in constrained ballistic tasks.

Main Methods:

Developed a simple ballistic model for the body's center of mass during jumps.
The model identifies a unique trajectory that minimizes mechanical work for initiating a jump.
Applied the model to analyze jump trajectories of domestic dogs over raised obstacles.

Main Results:

The model successfully identified a unique, energy-minimizing jump trajectory.
Domestic dogs systematically used jump trajectories close to the energy-minimizing paths.
Dogs demonstrated complex anticipatory control of their locomotor behavior.

Conclusions:

The developed model can identify energy-optimized ballistic trajectories.
Domestic dogs exhibit sophisticated anticipatory control, adjusting jumps to minimize energy.
Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind dogs' perceptual and control capabilities.