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Related Concept Videos

Lagging Strand Synthesis01:59

Lagging Strand Synthesis

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During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
There are several major differences between synthesis of the leading strand and synthesis of the lagging strand. 1) Leading strand synthesis happens in the direction of replication fork opening, whereas lagging strand synthesis happens in the...
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Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins01:03

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For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...
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Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

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Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
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Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

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The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
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Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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DNA Replication02:40

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DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method
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Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method

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Global delay in nascent strand DNA methylation.

Jocelyn Charlton1,2, Timothy L Downing2,3,4, Zachary D Smith2,3

  • 1Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology
|March 14, 2018
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Summary

Cytosine methylation inheritance shows a lag in embryonic stem cells, with epigenetic information reconsolidating rapidly. This epigenetic lag varies with cell cycle state and is altered in cancer cells.

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Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method
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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Cytosine methylation is crucial for mammalian development and gene regulation.
  • Symmetric CpG methylation is faithfully propagated across cell divisions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the inheritance of cytosine methylation during DNA replication in human cells.
  • To explore the dynamics of epigenetic information transfer across cell cycles.

Main Methods:

  • Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling and immunoprecipitation.
  • Genome-wide bisulfite sequencing (GWBS).
  • Analysis of human embryonic stem cells and HCT116 cancer cells.

Main Results:

  • A significant lag was observed between genetic and epigenetic information copying in embryonic stem cells.
  • Epigenetic information is reconsolidated within hours for faithful mitotic transmission.
  • Cell cycle arrest globally reduces intermediate CpG methylation, while transcription factor binding sites remain invariant.
  • HCT116 cancer cells maintain global epigenetic heterogeneity irrespective of cell cycle arrest.

Conclusions:

  • Heterogeneous DNA methylation patterns primarily reflect asynchronous cell proliferation.
  • Epigenetic heterogeneity is intrinsic to actively engaged cis-regulatory elements and cancer cells.