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Related Concept Videos

Mixtures of Acids03:27

Mixtures of Acids

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The pH of a solution containing an acid can be determined using its acid dissociation constant and its initial concentration. If a solution contains two different acids, then its pH can be determined using one of several methods depending upon the relative strength of the acids and their dissociation constants.
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Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
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A racemic mixture, or racemate, is an equimolar mixture of enantiomers of a molecule that can be separated using their unique interaction with chiral molecules or media. Racemic mixtures are denoted by the (±)- prefix. This ‘optical rotation descriptor’ applies to the whole solution of a racemic mixture rather than a specific stereoisomer. Enantiomers typically have the same physical and chemical properties. Hence, they are not easily separable. However, enantiomers can exhibit...
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Appropriate sampling methods ensure that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
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Related Experiment Video

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Initial 3D Cell Cluster Control in a Hybrid Gel Cube Device for Repeatable Pattern Formations
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Pattern-mixture models with incomplete informative cluster size: Application to a repeated pregnancy study.

Ashok Chaurasia1, Danping Liu2, Paul S Albert3

  • 1School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, LHN 1721. Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada.

Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C, Applied Statistics
|March 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a statistical model to analyze pregnancy outcomes affected by lifetime birth numbers. The new method accurately estimates birthweight and gestational hypertension risks across increasing parity.

Keywords:
Generalized linear mixed modelIncomplete informative cluster sizeLatent variablePattern mixture modelRepeated PregnancySensitivity analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive health statistics
  • Statistical modeling in epidemiology

Background:

  • Pregnancy outcomes are influenced by a woman's lifetime number of births.
  • The Consecutive Pregnancies Study faces challenges with incomplete informative cluster size due to study censoring.
  • Understanding parity's impact on pregnancy outcomes requires robust statistical methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a statistical model for analyzing pregnancy outcomes with incomplete informative cluster size.
  • To address the relationship between pregnancy outcomes and lifetime parity using a latent variable approach.
  • To compare a novel pattern mixture model with an alternative approximation method.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a pattern mixture model treating lifetime number of births as a latent variable.
  • Utilized data from the NICHD Consecutive Pregnancies Study.
  • Compared the latent variable model with a simpler approximation method.

Main Results:

  • The latent variable approach demonstrates good statistical properties.
  • Accurate estimation of the mean trajectory of birthweight with increasing parity.
  • Accurate estimation of the proportion of gestational hypertension with increasing parity.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed pattern mixture model effectively handles incomplete informative cluster size.
  • The latent variable approach provides reliable estimates for key pregnancy outcomes related to parity.
  • This statistical framework enhances the analysis of reproductive health data in longitudinal studies.