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Using smartphone technology to deliver a virtual pedestrian environment: usability and validation.

David C Schwebel1, Joan Severson2, Yefei He2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave. S., HHB 560, Birmingham, AL 35294-1152, USA.

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Smartphone virtual reality offers a cost-effective way to teach safe street crossing skills. This study found the smartphone virtual pedestrian environment usable and valid for training, with high realism and no simulator sickness.

Keywords:
InjuryMobile smartphonePedestrianSafetySimulationVirtual reality

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Area of Science:

  • Technology and Human Behavior
  • Virtual Reality Applications
  • Pedestrian Safety Research

Background:

  • Traditional child pedestrian safety programs are resource-intensive.
  • Mobile technology advancements enable virtual reality (VR) applications.
  • VR offers a potentially cost-effective alternative for safety training.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the usability, feasibility, and validity of a smartphone-based virtual pedestrian environment.
  • To compare a smartphone VR environment with a semi-immersive kiosk VR environment.
  • To assess user perceptions of realism and simulator sickness.

Main Methods:

  • 68 adults participated, completing 12 virtual street crossings in both smartphone and kiosk VR environments.
  • Participants self-reported perceived realism, simulator sickness, demographics, and personality traits.
  • Pedestrian behaviors in both VR environments were analyzed for convergent validity.

Main Results:

  • The smartphone VR environment was highly usable, with participants easily following instructions.
  • No significant simulator sickness was reported or observed.
  • High realism ratings were given to the smartphone VR environment, and its pedestrian behaviors showed convergent validity with the kiosk VR system.

Conclusions:

  • Smartphone-based virtual environments are a usable and valid tool for pedestrian safety training.
  • This technology presents a promising, cost-effective strategy for teaching safe street crossing.
  • Further research is recommended to develop and evaluate comprehensive training systems.