Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Bottlenose Dolphin Tursiops truncatus Spermatozoa: Collection, Cryopreservation, and Heterologous In Vitro Fertilization
Published on: August 21, 2017
Common medium versus advanced IVF medium for cryopreserved oocytes in heterologous cycles
R Poverini1, R Lisi1, F Lisi1
1IVF Unit, Casa di Cura Villa Mafalda, Rome, Italy.
Abstract:
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulation factor plays different crucial roles during embryo implantation and subsequent development. Here we aimed to evaluate the effects of embryo cell culture medium, with the inclusion of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulation factor (GM-CSF), on embryo development and pregnancy rate. To this end, we took advantage of our retrospective observational study to correlate the outcomes from two different culture media. We included in this study 25 unselected patient from our IVF Center that underwent heterologous IVF cycle with crypreserved oocytes. We analyze the fertilization rate, pregnancy rate, and embryo quality at different day of transfer obtained from two different media composition. Our results show that the rate of fertilization and the pregnancy rate were increased using medium added with this particular type of cytokines (GM-CSF).
Related Concept Videos
Common Ion Effect
What are Biogeochemical Cycles?
The Water Cycle
The Phosphorus Cycle
The Nitrogen Cycle
The Carbon Cycle

