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Bonding in Metals

Bonding in Metals

Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”.

Metallic Solids

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....

Alkali Metals

Alkali Metals

Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals

Metal-Ligand Bonds

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...

Properties of Transition Metals

Properties of Transition Metals

Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.

Theory of Metallic Conduction

Theory of Metallic Conduction

The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...

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Walk with Me Hybrid Virtual/In-Person Walking for Older Adults with Neurodegenerative Disease

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Walking Metals for Remote Functionalization.

Heiko Sommer¹, Francisco Juliá-Hernández², Ruben Martin^2,3

¹Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel.

ACS Central Science

|March 14, 2018

Summary

Remote functionalization enables selective C-H and C-C bond activation using a "metal-walk" mechanism. This innovative approach transforms simple molecules into complex structures, addressing key challenges in organic synthesis.

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Area of Science:

Organic Chemistry
Catalysis
Synthetic Methodology

Background:

Selective activation of unreactive C-H and C-C bonds is a major challenge.
Remote functionalization offers a strategy to activate bonds distant from an initiation site.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the concept and development of remote functionalization via "metal-walk" or "chain-walk" mechanisms.
To highlight the potential of this approach for synthesizing complex molecular scaffolds.

Main Methods:

Utilizing iterative hydride shifts (1,2- or 1,3-) of metal complexes along hydrocarbon chains.
Developing and refining various catalytic systems, including late-transition metals and sustainable iron/cobalt-based systems.

Main Results:

Demonstrated the transformation of simple building blocks into complex scaffolds through a convergent strategy.
Showcased the versatility of "metal-walk" for remote bond activation.

Conclusions:

Remote functionalization via "metal-walk" is a powerful tool for addressing synthetic challenges.
This research area holds significant promise for future advancements in organic synthesis and catalysis.