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Homocysteine and Hyperhomocysteinaemia
Bozidarka L Zaric1, Milan Obradovic1, Vladan Bajic1
1Institute of nuclear science Vinca, University of Belgrade, Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Belgrade, Serbia.
Current Medicinal Chemistry
|March 14, 2018
Summary
Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels, or hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), are linked to numerous health issues. Deficiencies in folate, vitamin B12, and B6, along with genetic factors, contribute to HHcy and associated pathologies.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Human Physiology
- Nutritional Science
Background:
- Homocysteine (Hcy) is an amino acid naturally present in the human body.
- Hcy metabolism involves degradation pathways and kidney excretion, requiring folic acid, vitamin B6, and B12.
- Serum Hcy levels are sensitive to the availability of these essential vitamins.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current literature on homocysteine metabolism.
- To explore the causes and consequences of elevated homocysteine (hyperhomocysteinemia, HHcy).
- To describe pathological mechanisms and treatment of HHcy-related disorders.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent research on Hcy metabolism.
- Analysis of etiological factors contributing to Hcy blood level disorders.
- Examination of pathological mechanisms and treatment strategies.
Main Results:
- Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is associated with occlusive artery disease (brain, heart, kidney), venous thrombosis, and other conditions.
- Causes of HHcy include genetic mutations (MTHFR, MS, CβS), deficiencies in folate, vitamin B12, and B6.
- Dietary factors and renal impairment can also elevate Hcy levels, impacting both adults and children.
Conclusions:
- Hcy metabolism is crucial for health, and its dysregulation leads to significant pathologies.
- Understanding the interplay of genetics, nutrition, and Hcy levels is key to managing associated diseases.
- Further research into HHcy mechanisms and effective treatments is warranted.
