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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

In Vitro Rearing of Solitary Bees: A Tool for Assessing Larval Risk Factors
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Risk factors for bruxism

Monika Kuhn1, Jens Christoph Türp1

  • 1Department of Oral Health & Medicine, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel, Switzerland

Swiss Dental Journal
|March 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study identifies key risk factors for bruxism, including emotional stress and sleep issues in adults and children. Understanding these factors aids in managing bruxism through a patient-centered approach.

Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Bruxism, a condition involving teeth grinding and clenching, has multifactorial causes.
  • Identifying risk factors is crucial for effective diagnosis and management of bruxism.

Approach:

  • Systematic literature review of studies published between 2007 and 2016.
  • Categorization of risk factors based on odds ratios and confidence intervals.

Key Points:

  • In adults, emotional stress, tobacco, alcohol, coffee consumption, sleep apnea syndrome, and anxiety disorders are significant bruxism risk factors.
  • In children and adolescents, distress, behavioral abnormalities, and sleep disturbances are predominant risk factors.
  • Risk factors were categorized into four groups based on statistical significance.
Keywords:
EpidemiologyRiskOdds ratioJaw clenchingTooth grinding

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Conclusions:

  • Knowledge of identified risk factors can inform the medical history taking for bruxism patients.
  • A patient-centered "SMS therapy" (self-observation, muscle relaxation, stabilization splint) is recommended.
  • While many factors are unmodifiable, a targeted approach can help manage bruxism.