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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention
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Covert shift of attention modulates the value encoding in the orbitofrontal cortex.

Yang Xie1,2, Chechang Nie1,2, Tianming Yang1

  • 1Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

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|March 14, 2018
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Summary

Attention shifts influence orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) activity during decision-making. OFC neuronal activity represents the value of the attended item via a winner-take-all mechanism, aiding value-based choices.

Keywords:
Orbitofrontal Cortexattentiondecision makingneurosciencerewardrhesus macaque

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Decision Science
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Value-based decision making involves sequential evaluation of options, often influenced by attention shifts.
  • The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is implicated in encoding value during decision-making, but its modulation by attention remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how attention shifts modulate orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) activity during value-based decision making.
  • To determine if OFC activity represents the value of the attended item.

Main Methods:

  • A passive viewing task was designed to differentiate the effects of attention, value, choice, and eye movements.
  • Neuronal activity in the OFC was recorded in monkeys during the task.

Main Results:

  • Attention significantly modulated OFC activity through a winner-take-all mechanism.
  • Covert attention shifts led to OFC neuronal activity reflecting the reward value of the newly attended cue.
  • A normalization model effectively explained the observed attention shifts.

Conclusions:

  • OFC neuronal activity specifically represents the value of the currently attended item.
  • These findings provide crucial insights into the role of the OFC in value-based decision making and attention.
  • The study supports the hypothesis that OFC activity is dynamically updated by attention to guide choices.