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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Vestibular System

Background:

  • Motor asymmetries in mammals can be experimentally induced via striatal dopamine manipulation.
  • Factors causing motor asymmetry without direct brain intervention are largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the role of inner ear dysfunction in establishing motor asymmetries in mammals.
  • Explore the neural mechanisms underlying inner ear-induced motor preferences.
  • Determine if inner ear input influences brain lateralization and motor behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Inducing inner ear dysfunction in mice to observe motor behavior.
  • Utilizing extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) antagonists to modulate striatal activity.
  • Surgically inducing unilateral vestibular failure to control motor preference direction.
  • Assessing handedness in humans in relation to vestibular input.

Main Results:

  • Mice with inner ear dysfunction exhibit consistent left or right rotational preferences.
  • This motor preference correlates with atypical asymmetry in cortico-striatal neurotransmission.
  • Targeting striatal ERK activity can reverse or enhance motor preference.
  • Direction of motor preference is dictated by the side of induced vestibular failure.
  • In humans, the motor-dominant hemisphere is ipsilateral to the ear with weaker vestibular input.

Conclusions:

  • Inner ear dysfunction is a significant factor in establishing motor asymmetry in mammals.
  • Vestibular input can ontogenetically influence cortico-striatal asymmetries and left-right brain function.
  • Inner ear-mediated pathways contribute to motor lateralization, impacting motor behavior and potentially handedness.