Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 13, 2026
22:06
Derivation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Murine Embryonic Stem Cells
Published on: February 25, 2007
14.0K
Next-generation sequencing-based miRNA expression analysis in Parp1-deficient embryonic stem cell-derived exosomes
Tadashige Nozaki1, Yuka Sasaki2, Itsuko Fukuda3
1Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, Japan.
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
|March 15, 2018
Summary
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (Parp1) deficiency in embryonic stem cells alters exosomal microRNA profiles, impacting cell-cell communication. Parp1 regulates extracellular functions by controlling exosomal microRNAs involved in signaling pathways.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (Parp1) is involved in DNA repair, cell death, and differentiation.
- The role of Parp1 in intercellular signaling is not well understood.
- Exosomes mediate intercellular communication through the transfer of biomolecules like microRNAs (miRNAs).
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the function of Parp1 in intercellular signaling.
- To analyze the impact of Parp1 deficiency on exosomal miRNA content and function.
- To determine if Parp1 regulates miRNA expression in exosomes derived from embryonic stem (ES) cells.
Main Methods:
- Comparison of miRNA profiles in exosomes from Parp1-deficient (Parp1-/-) and wild-type (Parp1+/+) ES cells.
- RNA sequencing to quantify miRNA abundance.
- Bioinformatic analyses including pathway and gene ontology enrichment.
- Quantitative analysis of specific upregulated miRNAs.
Main Results:
- Parp1 deficiency significantly altered the percentage of miRNAs in ES cell-derived exosomes.
- 329 distinct miRNAs showed at least a 2-fold change in Parp1-/- ES cell exosomes.
- Upregulated miRNAs in Parp1-/- exosomes were associated with MAPK signaling, cell growth, stress response, and cell communication.
- Specific miRNAs including miR365-3p, let-7a-5p, and miR196b-5p were significantly increased in Parp1-/- exosomes.
Conclusions:
- Parp1 deficiency inhibits cell-cell communication in ES cells, potentially via intercellular signal transduction.
- Parp1 plays an extracellular role in regulating exosomal miRNAs.
- These findings suggest Parp1 is a key regulator of exosome-mediated intercellular signaling.
Related Concept Videos
00:58Embryonic Stem Cells
32.6K
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
32.6K
00:57Embryonic Stem Cells
5.2K
Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
5.2K
03:00Next-generation Sequencing
98.8K
The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features....
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features....
98.8K
01:13Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
28.1K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
28.1K
01:33Adult Stem Cells
33.9K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
33.9K
02:02Cis-regulatory Sequences
11.9K
Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
11.9K