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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Healthy Brain-pituitary Slices for Electrophysiological Investigations of Pituitary Cells in Teleost Fish
Published on: August 16, 2018
Distribution of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 2 in zebrafish brain
Tomoya Nakamachi1, Eri Kamata1, Ayano Tanigawa1
1Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190-Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.
Abstract:
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a multipotent neuropeptide with an amino acid sequence that is well conserved among vertebrates. In teleosts, including zebrafish, the PACAP gene (adcyap1) has been duplicated to yield adcyap1a (coding PACAP1) and adcyap1b (coding PACAP2). This study aims to determine the distribution of these PACAPs and their mRNAs in zebrafish. We generated a zebrafish PACAP2-specific antibody. Using real-time PCR, we observed that adcyap1b mRNA was primarily localized in the brain, with the highest level in the telencephalon, followed by the diencephalon. Using immunostaining of brain tissue samples, PACAP2 immunoreactivity was observed mainly in the telencephalon, hypothalamus, and cerebellum, and the immunopositive fibers formed a line to the habenula. PACAP2-immunopositive cells were observed in the ventral and dorsal regions of the telencephalon and in the hypothalamic nucleus of the diencephalon in the colchicine-injected brain. This distribution of PACAP2 suggests its involvement in higher brain functions in teleosts, such as learning and cognition, as well as instinctive behaviors such as feeding and emotional regulation.
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