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Evodiamine activates cellular apoptosis through suppressing PI3K/AKT and activating MAPK in glioma
Rong Wang1,2, Danni Deng2, Naiyuan Shao1
1Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Background:
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant primary tumor of the central nervous system and is associated with a very poor prognosis. No further improvements in outcomes have been reported since radiotherapy-temozolomide therapy was introduced. Therefore, developing new agents to treat GBM is important.
Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of evodiamine (Evo) on GBM cells, and to determine the underlying mechanisms involved.
Results:
According to MTT assay results, Evo significantly inhibited the cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analyses revealed that Evo induced cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, Evo induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) disruption. Finally, Evo induced apoptosis in cancer cells by suppressing PI3K/AKT signaling and inducing MAPK phosphorylation (p38 and JNK, but not ERK) to regulate apoptotic proteins (Bax, Bcl-2, Cytochrome c, Caspase-3, and PARP).
Conclusion:
In summary, Evo inhibits cell proliferation by inducing cellular apoptosis via suppressing PI3K/AKT and activating MAPK in GBM; these results indicate that Evo may be regarded as a new approach for GBM treatment.
Insights
Evodiamine (Evo) effectively inhibits glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. This natural compound shows promise as a novel therapeutic agent for treating this aggressive brain cancer.
Area of Science:
- Neuro-oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive primary brain tumor with a poor prognosis.
- Current treatments, including radiotherapy and temozolomide, offer limited improvements.
- Novel therapeutic agents are urgently needed for GBM treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the anti-tumor effects of evodiamine (Evo) on GBM cells.
- To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying Evo's anti-cancer activity in GBM.
Main Methods:
- MTT assays were used to assess cell proliferation inhibition.
- Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analyzed Evo-induced apoptosis.
- Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were evaluated.
- Western blotting assessed signaling pathways (PI3K/AKT, MAPK) and apoptotic protein expression.
Main Results:
- Evodiamine significantly inhibited GBM cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner.
- Evo induced apoptosis, increased ROS production, and disrupted MMP in GBM cells.
- Evo suppressed PI3K/AKT signaling, activated MAPK (p38, JNK), and modulated apoptotic proteins (Bax, Bcl-2, Cytochrome c, Caspase-3, PARP).
Conclusions:
- Evodiamine exhibits anti-tumor activity against GBM by inducing apoptosis.
- The mechanism involves PI3K/AKT pathway suppression and MAPK activation.
- Evodiamine represents a potential new therapeutic strategy for GBM treatment.
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