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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

A Swimming-Induced Zebrafish Exercise Apparatus for Versatile Training Approaches
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Citrus Flavonoid Supplementation Improves Exercise Performance in Trained Athletes.

Elvera Overdevest1, Jeroen A Wouters1, Kevin H M Wolfs2

  • 1Team NL Innovation Center, Sportcentrum Papendal, Arnhem, The Netherlands.

Journal of Sports Science & Medicine
|March 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Citrus flavonoid (CF) supplementation significantly improved cycling performance in trained males. Athletes taking CF extract showed a 5.0% increase in power output, enhancing exercise capacity.

Keywords:
Hesperetinantioxidantergometerpower outputtime trial

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Nutritional Biochemistry
  • Human Performance

Background:

  • Polyphenols, including citrus flavonoids (CF), are known for antioxidant and nitric oxide-stimulating properties.
  • Previous research suggests potential benefits for exercise performance, but direct evidence for CFs is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of 4-week citrus flavonoid (CF) extract supplementation on cycling time-trial performance in trained male athletes.
  • To determine if CF supplementation can enhance key exercise performance metrics.

Main Methods:

  • A double-blind, randomized, parallel study involving 39 trained males.
  • Participants received a daily dose of 500 mg of customized CF extract or a placebo for 4 weeks.
  • Exercise performance was assessed using a 10-minute cycle ergometer time-trial test.

Main Results:

  • Absolute power output significantly increased by 5.0% (14.9 ± 3.9 W) in the CF group compared to the placebo group (1.3%, 3.8 ± 3.2 W; p < 0.05).
  • The oxygen consumption/power ratio significantly decreased in the CF group versus placebo (p = 0.001), indicating improved efficiency.
  • A trend towards increased peak power output was observed in the CF group.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first convincing evidence that citrus flavonoid supplementation can enhance exercise performance in trained athletes.
  • CF supplementation appears to improve power output and exercise efficiency during cycling.
  • Further research may explore optimal CF dosages and effects in different athletic populations.