Ethical dilemmas and reflexivity in qualitative research

Area of Science:

• Medical Education Research
• Qualitative Research Ethics

Background:

• Ethical approval is a key concern for medical education researchers.
• Ethical considerations in qualitative studies are an ongoing process, extending beyond initial approval.
• Human interaction dynamics in qualitative research necessitate continuous ethical engagement.

Purpose of the Study:

• To share reflections on adhering to ethical principles throughout the research process.
• To illustrate the complexities and nuances of ethical considerations in qualitative research.
• To offer critical insights into dilemmas arising from ethical principles and research domains.

Main Methods:

• Drawing on empirical studies and researcher experiences in academic and clinical practice.
• Reflecting on adherence to ethical principles throughout the research lifecycle.
• Analyzing dilemmas across procedural, situational, relational ethics, and study exit.

Main Results:

• Identified ethical dilemmas in areas such as integrity, access, consent, confidentiality, power dynamics, and dissemination.
• Highlighted the need for a reflexive approach to address 'in the moment' ethical challenges.
• Demonstrated complexities in navigating ethical issues from classroom interactions to operating theatre ethnography.

Conclusions:

• Qualitative research demands continuous ethical vigilance and reflexive practice.
• Sharing experiences and debating decisions offers valuable insights into research ethics.
• Reflexivity is crucial for researchers to effectively manage ethical challenges in real-time and post-hoc.