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Insulin secretory vesicles release insulin to stimulate blood glucose uptake and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. When the blood glucose levels increase, glucose enters the pancreatic β-islet cells through glucose transporters. Once inside, glucose is metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, producing ATP. This increase in ATP concentration closes ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to depolarization of the membrane and the opening of...
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Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
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In eukaryotic cells,  cytoskeletal filaments such as actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments form a mesh-like cytoskeletal network. These filaments serve as tracks for transporting cellular cargo. Specialized motor proteins use the chemical energy stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for this transport. During interphase, microtubules are polarized, with the plus-end towards the cell periphery and the minus-end towards the cell center. Two microtubule-associated motor proteins,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Plaquing of Herpes Simplex Viruses
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Not all that vesicles is herpes.

Robert R Gruhl1, Andrew Wu2, Micah Niermann3

  • 1University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA, Phone: +1-219-790-3643.

Diagnosis (Berlin, Germany)
|March 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Eczema coxsackium (EC) in infants with atopic dermatitis (AD) presents as a rash, mimicking eczema herpeticum (EH). Prompt diagnosis via PCR testing is crucial for appropriate management and avoiding unnecessary antiviral treatment.

Keywords:
atopic dermatitis (AD)coxsackieviruseczema coxsackium (EC)eczema herpeticum (EH)herpes simplex virus

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Dermatology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Eczema coxsackium (EC) can present similarly to eczema herpeticum (EH) in children with atopic dermatitis (AD).
  • Differentiating these conditions is critical due to differing treatment and complication risks.

Observation:

  • A 6-month-old infant with AD developed a widespread vesicular rash and fever.
  • The infant received empirical acyclovir treatment for suspected EH.
  • Herpes simplex virus (HSV) PCR was negative; enterovirus PCR was positive, confirming EC.

Findings:

  • Eczema coxsackium is a self-limiting condition.
  • Eczema herpeticum can lead to severe complications if untreated.
  • Clinical history and PCR testing are key to distinguishing EC from EH.

Implications:

  • Accurate diagnosis of EC avoids unnecessary antiviral therapy, such as acyclovir for EH.
  • Timely differentiation improves patient outcomes by guiding appropriate supportive care for EC.
  • Increased clinical suspicion based on patient history can facilitate prompt and correct diagnostic testing.