Effects of metoprolol on aquatic invertebrates in artificial indoor streams

Aquatic organisms are impacted by various biotic and abiotic stressors such as current, inter- and intraspecific competition for food resources and habitat, neobiota as well as an increasing number of chemicals. The latter also include pharmaceuticals, which are increasingly being detected in surface waters due to their growing use. The aim of our study was to determine effect data for metoprolol as a model compound for beta-blockers under an environmentally realistic exposure scenario on aquatic invertebrates inhabiting lotic environments. To this end we performed a 40-day experiment in artificial indoor streams (AIS) located in a greenhouse. We focussed on three autochthonous invertebrate species with high relevance in stream ecology: the amphipod Gammarus fossarum, the gastropod Potamopyrgus antipodarum, and the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus. Effects on reproduction were found with EC₁₀ (40 days) values of 0.092 mg L^-1 (G. fossarum), 0.253 mg L^-1 (P. antipodarum), and 0.596 mg L^-1 (L. variegatus). Considering environmental data, metoprolol seems to pose no hazard for aquatic invertebrates at present exposure levels.