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Reproductive Cloning

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Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Using Ustilago maydis as a Trojan Horse for In Situ Delivery of Maize Proteins

Using Ustilago maydis as a Trojan Horse for In Situ Delivery of Maize Proteins

Published on: February 8, 2019

A journey through horse cloning.

Andrés Gambini¹, Marc Maserati²

¹Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Agriculture Faculty, University of Buenos Aires, Av. San Martin 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad Autonóma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Reproduction, Fertility, and Development

|March 15, 2018

Summary

Commercial equine cloning has advanced significantly since 2003, with over 370 cloned horses produced globally. This review details the history, methods, and commercialization of equine somatic cell nuclear transfer technology.

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Area of Science:

Reproductive biology
Animal biotechnology
Equine science

Background:

The advent of equine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology in 2003 marked a pivotal moment in animal cloning.
Commercial interest and application of equine cloning have surged, leading to the production of over 370 cloned horses worldwide across multiple countries.

Observation:

Equine cloning utilizes various SCNT approaches, each exhibiting distinct success rates and technical challenges.
The commercialization of equine cloning is expanding, with diverse regional breed association regulations impacting registration processes.

Findings:

This review synthesizes the historical development and current applications of equine cloning technology.
It provides a comprehensive overview of scientific advancements, comparing the advantages and disadvantages of different SCNT procedures for generating cloned equine embryos.

Implications:

Understanding the nuances of different cloning techniques is crucial for optimizing success rates and efficiency in equine SCNT.
The evolving landscape of equine clone commercialization and registration necessitates ongoing evaluation of regulatory frameworks and industry standards.