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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting
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Periodontal Infection as a Possible Risk Factor for Preterm Low Birth Weight.

Steven Offenbacher1, Vern Katz2, Gregory Fertik1

  • 1Departments of Periodontics, Dental Ecology, and Dental Research, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC.

Journal of Periodontology
|March 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal periodontal disease, an infection affecting gums, is a significant risk factor for preterm low birth weight (PLBW). This finding highlights the importance of oral health during pregnancy for better birth outcomes.

Keywords:
Infantinfantlow birth weightperiodontal diseases/adverse effectspregnancyprematurerisk factors

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Area of Science:

  • Periodontology
  • Obstetrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Periodontal diseases are common Gram-negative anaerobic infections in women of childbearing age.
  • Maternal infections during pregnancy can impact fetal development and birth outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between maternal periodontal infection and preterm low birth weight (PLBW).
  • To control for known obstetric risk factors and covariates in this association.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 124 pregnant or postpartum mothers.
  • PLBW cases were defined by birth weight <2,500g and complications like preterm labor (PTL) or premature rupture of membranes (PROM).
  • Periodontal examinations assessed clinical attachment levels, alongside data on obstetric risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Mothers of PLBW infants, particularly primiparous mothers, exhibited significantly worse periodontal disease compared to controls.
  • Multivariate logistic regression revealed periodontal disease as a significant risk factor for PLBW (OR=7.9) and for primiparous PLBW (OR=7.5).

Conclusions:

  • Periodontal disease is a significant, previously unrecognized risk factor for preterm low birth weight.
  • Effective management of periodontal disease may help reduce the incidence of PLBW resulting from PTL or PROM.