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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Fast Grid Preparation for Time-Resolved Cryo-Electron Microscopy
Published on: November 6, 2021
Time-resolved measurements of fast electron recirculation for relativistically intense femtosecond scale laser-plasma
J S Green1, N Booth2, R J Dance3
1Central Laser Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxon, OX11 0QX, UK. james.green@stfc.ac.uk.
Abstract:
A key issue in realising the development of a number of applications of high-intensity lasers is the dynamics of the fast electrons produced and how to diagnose them. We report on measurements of fast electron transport in aluminium targets in the ultra-intense, short-pulse (<50 fs) regime using a high resolution temporally and spatially resolved optical probe. The measurements show a rapidly (≈0.5c) expanding region of Ohmic heating at the rear of the target, driven by lateral transport of the fast electron population inside the target. Simulations demonstrate that a broad angular distribution of fast electrons on the order of 60° is required, in conjunction with extensive recirculation of the electron population, in order to drive such lateral transport. These results provide fundamental new insight into fast electron dynamics driven by ultra-short laser pulses, which is an important regime for the development of laser-based radiation and particle sources.
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