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Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Skin Cancer01:30

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Sensory Functions of the Skin01:16

Sensory Functions of the Skin

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The skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays a crucial role in our sensory perception. It contains a vast network of sensory receptors that contribute to the skin's protective function by perceiving physical, biological, and environmental cues and generating relevant responses.
There are two main categories of receptors on the skin: capsulated and non-capsulated. The non-capsulated ones are mainly the pain receptors. The capsulated ones can be further categorized based on the...
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Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

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The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
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Accessory Structures of the Skin: Nails01:05

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Nails

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Nails are one of the important accessory structures of the skin. They are hard, protective structures that cover the dorsal surface of the distal phalanges of fingers and toes. Nails are composed of specialized keratinized cells and serve various functions, including protection, sensation, and manual dexterity.
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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model
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Toward Immunocompetent 3D Skin Models.

Aleta Pupovac1,2, Berna Senturk3, Chiara Griffoni3

  • 1Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122, Australia.

Advanced Healthcare Materials
|March 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing advanced 3D human skin models requires integrating immune components. This progress report details construction methods and challenges for creating more physiologically relevant immunocompetent skin models for research.

Keywords:
3D skin modelsinflammationinflammatory cellsskin immunity

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Area of Science:

  • Tissue Engineering
  • Immunology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Current 3D human skin models lack essential features like inflammatory systems and vasculature, limiting their physiological relevance.
  • Integrating diverse immune cells into skin models requires understanding skin biology, tissue engineering, and the immune system's role in health and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a progress report on skin immunity and current immunocompetent skin models.
  • To elaborate on construction methods, including scaffold and cell choice, for physiologically relevant models.
  • To explore challenges and global research efforts in developing advanced immunocompetent skin models.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on construction methods for immunocompetent skin models.
  • Elaboration on scaffold and cell selection criteria.
  • Discussion of technological advancements like induced pluripotent stem cells, microfluidic platforms, and real-time monitoring techniques.

Main Results:

  • Identified key challenges in generating functional immunocompetent skin models.
  • Highlighted the potential of integrating immune systems into in vitro skin models.
  • Explored innovative approaches and global research trends in the field.

Conclusions:

  • Advancements in tissue engineering and stem cell technology are crucial for developing sophisticated skin models.
  • Overcoming technological and fundamental challenges is necessary to create truly immunocompetent skin models.
  • Future research directions include leveraging microfluidics and advanced monitoring for better control and analysis of these complex models.