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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Direct Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts into Myoblasts to Investigate Therapies for Neuromuscular Disorders
Published on: April 3, 2021
Elevated levels of prostaglandins E2 and F2( in human neuromuscular disorders
S K Mishra1, S Kumar1, N K Menon1
1VA Outpatient Clinic and Department of Neurology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90013, USA.
Abstract:
Prostaglandins (Pgs), especially PGE2 and F2( ( have been implicated in variety of pathological processes including proteolysis of normal and dystrophic muscle. Using a modified radioimmunoassay which did not involve extraction in organic solvents and purification, thus eliminating acid artifacts, we measured PGE2 and F2( levels in patients with myotonic (MyD), Duchenne (DMD), and limb girdle (LGD) dystrophies and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). There was a significant increase in PGE2 and PGF2 in the muscle samples of all the disorders studied as compared to normal controls. It is proposed that increased influx of calcium activated phospholipase A2 (PLA2) leading to the accumulation of arachidonic acid and hence prostaglandins. It appears that the relative increases in PGE2 and PGF2( which are implicated in protein degradation and synthesis respectively in vitro, may reflect the extent of degeneration and regeneration occurring in the diseased muscles.
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