[Involutional blepharitis: modern approaches to diagnostic and treatment]

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Microscopy Techniques
• Dermatology

Background:

• Involutional blepharitis is a common chronic condition affecting the eyelid margins.
• Accurate diagnosis and effective treatment are crucial for managing symptoms and improving ocular surface health.
• Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) offers a non-invasive method for evaluating eyelid structures.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the diagnostic utility of LSCM in involutional blepharitis.
• To assess the efficacy of specific eyelid hygiene treatments for different forms of blepharitis.

Main Methods:

• 32 patients with chronic blepharitis underwent clinical-functional tests, LSCM examination, and microbiological analysis.
• Patients were categorized into atrophic or obstructive groups based on LSCM findings.
• Treatment protocols included eyelid margin cleansing products, artificial tears, warm compresses, and eyelid gels.

Main Results:

• LSCM effectively differentiated between atrophic and obstructive blepharitis.
• Treatment led to increased number of functioning meibomian glands (NFMG) and improved tear film stability.
• LSCM revealed reduced secretion reflectivity and less heterogeneity in eyelid structures post-treatment.

Conclusions:

• LSCM is a valuable tool for diagnosing and guiding treatment in involutional blepharitis.
• Specific eyelid hygiene regimens demonstrate effectiveness in managing both atrophic and obstructive forms of the condition.
• Combining LSCM with clinical assessment supports personalized therapeutic strategies for blepharitis.