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Related Concept Videos

Microtubules01:35

Microtubules

101.2K
There are three types of cytoskeletal structures in eukaryotic cells—microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. With a diameter of about 25 nm, microtubules are the thickest of these fibers. Microtubules carry out a variety of functions that include cell structure and support, transport of organelles, cell motility (movement), and the separation of chromosomes during cell division.
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Microtubules01:18

Microtubules

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Microtubules are the thickest cytoskeletal filaments with a diameter of 25 nm. In prokaryotic organisms, microtubules are commonly found in locomotory appendages like cilia and flagella. In eukaryotic cells, microtubules form specialized extensions for moving fluid over the surface, like those found in cells lining the intestine.
Microtubules have two structurally similar globular protein subunits: α and β tubulins. In the cytosol, the α and β tubulins form a heterodimer....
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Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

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Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
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Translation01:31

Translation

157.3K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
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Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

15.0K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
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Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

27.9K
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

The Encapsulation of Cell-free Transcription and Translation Machinery in Vesicles for the Construction of Cellular Mimics
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The Encapsulation of Cell-free Transcription and Translation Machinery in Vesicles for the Construction of Cellular Mimics

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Interactions between the Translation Machinery and Microtubules.

E M Chudinova1, E S Nadezhdina

  • 1Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia. chudiel@mail.ru.

Biochemistry. Biokhimiia
|March 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This review explores how microtubules interact with ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes, crucial for protein biosynthesis and cellular transport. It summarizes known mechanisms linking these essential cellular components.

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Last Updated: Feb 13, 2026

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Extracting Modified Microtubules from Mammalian Cells to Study Microtubule-Protein Complexes by Cryo-Electron Microscopy
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cytoskeleton Dynamics

Background:

  • Microtubules are key eukaryotic cytoskeleton elements involved in intracellular transport and molecular assembly.
  • Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes, including ribosomes and messenger RNPs, rely on microtubules for long-distance transport, vital for protein biosynthesis compartmentalization.
  • Microtubules also facilitate stress RNP granule formation and protein transport, influencing cell mobility and organization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and consolidate existing data on the molecular mechanisms governing the association between translation machinery components and microtubules.
  • To highlight the direct interactions between protein and RNA components of the translation machinery with microtubules and motor proteins.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and data synthesis.
  • Analysis of existing studies on microtubule-RNP interactions.
  • Compilation of information on direct binding partners and functional consequences.

Main Results:

  • Fragmentary data exists on the molecular mechanisms of microtubule-RNP interactions.
  • Identified protein and RNA components of the translation machinery that directly interact with microtubules.
  • Discussed the role of these interactions in intracellular transport, stress granule formation, and cell organization.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the direct interactions between translation machinery and microtubules is crucial but remains incompletely studied.
  • This review provides a foundational summary of current knowledge, identifying gaps for future research.
  • Further systematic investigation is needed to fully elucidate these essential cellular mechanisms.