Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Author Spotlight: Establishing a Practical and Cost-Effective Protocol for Corneal Sensitivity Testing in Clinical Settings
04:00

Author Spotlight: Establishing a Practical and Cost-Effective Protocol for Corneal Sensitivity Testing in Clinical Settings

Published on: August 2, 2024

3.2K

Correlation of Corneal and Scleral Pneumatonometry in Pediatric Patients

Jun Hui Lee1, Lucia Rivera Sanchez1, Travis Porco1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.

Ophthalmology
|March 17, 2018
PubMed

Insights

In pediatric patients, corneal and scleral intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements using pneumatonometry show a significant correlation. Inferotemporal scleral IOP is a better predictor of corneal IOP, offering an alternative measurement method.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Ophthalmology
  • Ocular Biomechanics

Background:

  • Accurate intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement is crucial in pediatric eye care.
  • Pneumatonometry is a non-contact method for IOP assessment.
  • Corneal and scleral IOP may differ, especially in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between corneal and scleral intraocular pressure (IOP) in pediatric patients using pneumatonometry.
  • To determine if scleral IOP measurements can predict corneal IOP in children.
  • To evaluate the reliability of inferonasal versus inferotemporal scleral measurements.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving pediatric patients (0-15 years) undergoing eye examinations.
  • Intraocular pressure was measured by pneumatonometry on the central cornea, inferonasal sclera, and inferotemporal sclera.
  • Spearman correlations and linear mixed-effect models were used to analyze the relationship between corneal and scleral IOP.

Main Results:

  • Significant correlations were found between corneal and scleral IOP (inferotemporal: r=0.79, P<0.01; inferonasal: r=0.48, P<0.01).
  • Predictive equations were derived: Corneal IOP = 0.73 × inferotemporal scleral IOP + 7.45 and Corneal IOP = 0.21 × inferonasal scleral IOP + 17.83.
  • Age, axial length, central corneal thickness, and lens status did not significantly affect the IOP correlation.

Conclusions:

  • Corneal and scleral IOP measurements are significantly correlated in children via pneumatonometry.
  • Inferotemporal scleral IOP measurements provide a more accurate prediction of corneal IOP compared to inferonasal measurements.
  • Pneumatonometry on the inferotemporal sclera may serve as a viable alternative for estimating IOP in pediatric cases where direct corneal measurement is challenging.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Whole-body PET/MRI of Pediatric Patients: The Details That Matter10:02

Whole-body PET/MRI of Pediatric Patients: The Details That Matter

Published on: December 19, 2017

15.4K
Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation11:19

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

Published on: January 17, 2011

18.6K

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
277
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
334
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
246
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
310
Correlations02:20

Correlations

Correlation means that there is a relationship between two or more variables (such as ice cream consumption and crime), but this relationship does not necessarily imply cause and effect. When two variables are correlated, it simply means that as one variable changes, so does the other. We can measure correlation by calculating a statistic known as a correlation coefficient. A correlation coefficient is a number from -1 to +1 that indicates the strength and direction of the relationship between...
36.6K
Correlation and Causation01:27

Correlation and Causation

Statistical tests can calculate whether there is a relationship, or correlation, between independent and dependent variables. An indirect relationship of the variables signifies a correlation, while a direct relationship shows causation. If it is determined that no connection exists between the variables, then the correlation is a coincidence.
Correlation versus Causation
If the dependent variable increases or decreases when the independent variable increases, there is a positive or negative...
42.9K