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Related Concept Videos

Centrosome Duplication02:25

Centrosome Duplication

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The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
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The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
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The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
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Total voids in concrete encompass gel water volume, capillary pores, and entrapped air. Gel water (retained within the cement hydration products) and physically entrapped or adsorbed water are significant for the hydration process. For complete hydration, it's estimated that the space needed for the products of a cubic centimeter of cement doubles. Capillary pores constitute the unoccupied space within the hydrated cement paste, with their size largely influenced by the water-to-cement...
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Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

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Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Extraction of Saliva, Haemolymph, Salivary Glands, and Midgut from Individual Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae)
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Total midgut duplication: a ticking time bomb.

Vikram Khanna1, Kashish Khanna2, Maddur Srinivas2

  • 1Pediatric Surgery, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India.

BMJ Case Reports
|March 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Complete midgut duplication in a neonate can lead to life-threatening bleeding. Early detection and treatment of these congenital anomalies, including searching for additional lesions, are crucial for favorable outcomes.

Keywords:
congenital disordersgastrointestinal surgerypaediatric intensive carepaediatric surgeryradiology

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Gastroenterology
  • Congenital Anomalies

Background:

  • Neonates can present with gastrointestinal obstruction and abdominal masses due to congenital abnormalities.
  • Midgut duplication is a rare congenital anomaly that can cause significant complications.

Observation:

  • A neonate presented with bowel obstruction and an abdominal mass, diagnosed as complete tubular midgut duplication.
  • Ectopic gastric mucosa was detected in the abdomen and thorax via imaging studies.
  • The patient later experienced massive rectal bleeding and shock, necessitating emergency surgery.

Findings:

  • Complete tubular midgut duplication extending from the duodenojejunal junction to the terminal ileum was identified.
  • A separate foregut duplication cyst was found in the thorax.
  • The patient underwent surgical procedures including the Wrenn procedure and excision of the thoracic cyst.

Implications:

  • Untreated total midgut duplication can result in severe, life-threatening hemorrhage.
  • The presence of one duplication warrants investigation for additional congenital lesions.
  • Mucosal stripping is presented as a safe alternative to resection for managing duplication cysts.