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Zude Zhu1,2,3, Xiaopu Hou1, Yiming Yang1,2,3,4

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Older adults show declines in both semantic and syntactic processing abilities, impacting sentence comprehension. Event-related potential data reveal age-related changes in brain responses during these cognitive tasks.

Keywords:
ERPP600agingneural efficiencysyntactic processing

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Age-related decline in semantic processing is well-documented.
  • The impact of aging on syntactic processing remains less understood.
  • Previous research has not fully clarified age-related changes in sentence comprehension.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related differences in semantic and syntactic processing during sentence comprehension.
  • To examine event-related potential (ERP) correlates of semantic and syntactic processing in younger and older adults.
  • To determine if syntactic processing abilities decline with age.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited and matched younger (26) and older (20) adults.
  • Administered Chinese sentence reading task with semantic acceptability judgments.
  • Collected behavioral accuracy data and event-related potential (ERP) measures (N400, P600).

Main Results:

  • Older adults exhibited lower accuracy in both semantic and syntactic processing compared to younger adults.
  • ERP data showed reduced N400 amplitude and delayed latency in older adults during semantic processing.
  • Older adults displayed delayed P600 latency during syntactic processing, with larger P600 amplitude correlating with poorer performance.

Conclusions:

  • Both semantic and syntactic processing abilities decline with age.
  • Age-related changes in N400 and P600 components reflect difficulties in semantic and syntactic processing, respectively.
  • There is a trend towards reduced efficiency in syntactic processing in older adults.