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Longitudinal changes in physical function and physical activity in older adults.

Andrea L Metti1, John R Best2,3,4, C Elizabeth Shaaban1

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Age and Ageing
|March 17, 2018
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Summary

Physical function (PF) decline predicts declines in physical activity (PA) over time, both short and long-term. Interventions targeting PF may improve PA and overall health outcomes in aging adults.

Keywords:
ageingolder peoplephysical activityphysical function

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Physical function (PF) and physical activity (PA) decline with age, linked to adverse health outcomes like dementia and cardiovascular disease.
  • The longitudinal relationship between age-related declines in PF and PA remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic, bidirectional associations between declines in physical function and physical activity in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study (Monongahela-Youghiogheny Healthy Aging Team - MYHAT) with 1,404 participants (mean age 76.96 ± 7.2 years).
  • Annual assessments over nine cycles evaluated PF (timed Up-and-Go) and PA (self-report).
  • Piecewise latent growth models analyzed bidirectional associations between initial/early PF/PA and later PF/PA slopes.

Main Results:

  • Initial physical function significantly predicted both early and later physical activity slopes.
  • Initial physical activity significantly predicted later, but not early, physical function slope.
  • These associations were independent of cognitive status and age.

Conclusions:

  • The relationship between physical function and physical activity is bidirectional, with PF more consistently predicting PA declines.
  • Interventions targeting physical function impairments could enhance physical activity engagement.
  • Improving PA may promote PF, leading to benefits in cognitive function, cardiovascular health, and mood.