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Introduction to positivism, interpretivism and critical theory
1Open University, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England.
Nurse Researcher
|March 17, 2018
Summary
Understanding research philosophy is key for researchers. This paper explains positivism, interpretivism, and critical theory to guide study design and analysis.
Area of Science:
- Philosophy of Science
- Research Methodology
Background:
- Research philosophy guides study design, methodology, and analysis.
- Justifying the choice of research philosophy is crucial for robust research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explain the principles and origins of three major research philosophies: positivism, interpretivism, and critical theory.
- To assist novice researchers in selecting an appropriate philosophical paradigm for their studies.
Main Methods:
- Introduction to the historical context of research philosophies.
- Explanation of the core principles and values of positivism, interpretivism, and critical theory.
Main Results:
- Positivism emphasizes objectivity and hypothesis testing, stemming from foundationalism and empiricism.
- Interpretivism values subjectivity and contrasts with positivism, with roots in Kantian principles.
- Critical theory, originating from the Frankfurt School, addresses societal and political oppression, often incorporating feminist perspectives.
Conclusions:
- This paper provides an overview of three key research philosophies.
- It equips nurse researchers with the knowledge to make informed decisions about research philosophy, design, and methodology.
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