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Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder: Etiology, Clinical Features, and Therapeutic Perspectives
Giovanni Martinotti1,2, Rita Santacroce3,4, Mauro Pettorruso5
1Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", 66100 Chieti, Italy. giovanni.martinotti@gmail.com.
Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD) is a rare condition potentially triggered by hallucinogenic substances. This review synthesizes current research on its causes, symptoms, and treatment options for HPPD.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
Background:
- Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD) is a rare neurological disorder.
- It is associated with the use of hallucinogenic substances.
- HPPD is poorly understood due to its low prevalence.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review original studies on Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD).
- To evaluate potential etiologies, involved hallucinogens, clinical features (HPPD I and II), psychiatric comorbidities, and therapeutic strategies for HPPD.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed.
- Original studies focusing on psychedelics and HPPD were identified.
- A total of 45 relevant papers were analyzed and synthesized.
Main Results:
- The review covers suggested etiologies and specific hallucinogens implicated in HPPD.
- Detailed clinical features of HPPD types I and II are presented.
- Information on psychiatric comorbidities and current/potential treatments is provided.
Conclusions:
- This review offers an updated and comprehensive overview of HPPD.
- It consolidates existing knowledge on clinical features and treatment options for Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder.
- Further research is needed to fully understand and treat HPPD.
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