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The 50 Most Cited Articles in Invasive Neuromodulation
Max Ward1, Joseph Doran1, Boris Paskhover2
1Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
This bibliometric analysis identifies the 50 most cited articles in invasive neuromodulation, highlighting key topics like vagus nerve stimulation. These influential papers offer crucial insights for clinical education and research in neuromodulation.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Neurosurgery
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Bibliometric analysis is a standard method for identifying influential research within scientific fields.
- Invasive neuromodulation, excluding deep brain stimulation, is a rapidly evolving area with significant clinical impact.
- A comprehensive overview of the most recognized literature is essential for clinical education and future research direction.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify and analyze the 50 most cited articles in invasive neuromodulation (excluding deep brain stimulation) published between 1900 and 2016.
- To provide a foundational overview of landmark publications to aid in clinical education.
- To assess the correlation between journal impact factor and the recognition of invasive neuromodulation research.
Main Methods:
- Bibliometric analysis was conducted using the Science Citation Index via Web of Science.
- Search terms related to invasive neuromodulation were employed to retrieve the top 50 most cited articles.
- The publication period was restricted to 1900–2016.
Main Results:
- The 50 most cited articles received a median of 236 citations (range: 173–578).
- Dominant research areas included vagus nerve stimulation (24 articles), spinal cord stimulation (9 articles), and motor cortex stimulation (6 articles).
- The majority of these highly cited articles (19) presented Level I, II, or III evidence, with a median journal impact factor of 5.57.
Conclusions:
- The most cited articles in invasive neuromodulation represent pivotal advancements driving the field forward.
- These seminal works offer enduring clinical and educational value for practitioners and students.
- Journal impact factor appears to be a significant factor influencing the visibility and perceived relevance of invasive neuromodulation studies.
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Titration Calculations: Strong Acid - Strong Base
A titration is carried out for 25.00 mL of 0.100 M HCl (strong acid) with 0.100 M of a strong base NaOH. The pH at different volumes of added base solution can be calculated as follows:
(a) Titrant volume = 0 mL. The solution pH is due to the acid ionization of HCl. Because this is a strong acid, the ionization is complete and the hydronium ion molarity is 0.100 M. The pH of the solution is then:
Punnett Squares
Reaction Yield

