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Hormones can be classified into three main types based on their chemical structures: steroids, peptides, and amines. Their actions are mediated by the specific receptors they bind to on target cells.
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Thyrotropic hormones.

Meera Mallya1, Amanda L Ogilvy-Stuart1

  • 1Neonatal Unit, Rosie Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
|March 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal thyroid disease can affect fetal development. Screening programs improve outcomes for congenital hypothyroidism, but optimal management is key for infant thyroid function, considering hormones, antibodies, and medication transfer.

Keywords:
Graves' diseaseautoantibodiesbreast milkmethimazolepropylthiouracilthyroid hormones

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pediatric Health
  • Neurodevelopment

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones are essential for cognitive and neurodevelopment in children.
  • Maternal thyroid disease is prevalent and can impact fetal thyroid gland development and function.
  • Screening programs for congenital hypothyroidism have reduced untreated cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review thyroid function in the context of maternal thyroid disease.
  • To discuss the impact of maternal thyroid disease on fetal and neonatal thyroid status.
  • To examine the influence of thyroid hormones, antibodies, and medications on infant thyroid function.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on maternal thyroid disease and infant thyroid function.
  • Analysis of the effects of thyroid hormones, antibodies, and medications on the fetus and neonate.
  • Discussion of optimal management strategies for maternal thyroid conditions.

Main Results:

  • Maternal thyroid disease poses risks to fetal thyroid development and function.
  • Thyroid hormones, antibodies, and excreted medications can alter infant thyroid status.
  • Effective screening and management are critical for preventing adverse outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal management of maternal thyroid disease is crucial for fetal and neonatal well-being.
  • Understanding the transfer of thyroid-related factors across the placenta and into breast milk is vital.
  • Continued vigilance and research are needed to ensure normal infant thyroid function.