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Canonical and non-canonical adenosinergic pathways.

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|March 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Adenosine (ADO) is an immunosuppressive molecule generated via two pathways involving CD39, CD38, and CD73 ectoenzymes. This review explores their roles in health and disease, and potential therapeutic targeting.

Keywords:
AdenosineEctoenzymesImmunosuppression

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Adenosine (ADO) is a key immunosuppressive molecule found in various human organs.
  • Its production involves two distinct cell surface enzyme pathways: the canonical (CD39) and non-canonical (CD38, CD203a/PC-1).
  • Both pathways converge at CD73 for the final conversion of AMP to ADO.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the expression of ectoenzymes in adenosinergic pathways across different cell types.
  • To summarize the physiological and pathological roles of these ectoenzymes and ADO.
  • To discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting ectoenzymes and ADO receptors.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific findings on adenosinergic pathways.
  • Analysis of ectoenzyme expression in regulatory and neoplastic cells.
  • Synthesis of data on ADO's role in various biological contexts.

Main Results:

  • Ectoenzymes of both adenosinergic pathways are expressed in diverse cell types, including immune regulatory subsets and cancer cells.
  • These enzymes play significant roles in numerous physiological and pathological conditions.
  • Specific inhibitors of ectoenzymes and ADO receptors show therapeutic potential.

Conclusions:

  • The expression and function of adenosinergic pathway ectoenzymes are critical in cellular regulation and disease.
  • Targeting these pathways offers promising avenues for novel therapeutic interventions.
  • Further research into ectoenzyme modulation could lead to advanced treatments for various diseases.