Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

6.4K
Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure...
6.4K
Oxidation Numbers03:14

Oxidation Numbers

43.1K
In redox reactions, the transfer of electrons occurs between reacting species. Electron transfer is described by a hypothetical number called the oxidation number (or oxidation state). It represents the effective charge of an atom or element, which is assigned using a set of rules.
43.1K
Pyruvate Oxidation01:15

Pyruvate Oxidation

169.3K
After glycolysis, the charged pyruvate molecules enter the mitochondria via active transport and undergo three enzymatic reactions. These reactions ensure that pyruvate can enter the next metabolic pathway so that energy stored in the pyruvate molecules can be harnessed by the cells.
First, the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase removes the carboxyl group from pyruvate and releases it as carbon dioxide. The stripped molecule is then oxidized and releases electrons, which are then picked up by NAD+...
169.3K
Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds02:33

Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds

11.2K
In this lesson, we delve into the role of ring conformation and its stability, which determines the spatial arrangement and, consequently, the molecular symmetry and stereoisomerism of cyclic compounds. 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane is used as a case study to evaluate the possible number of stereoisomers. Here, given the multiple (n = 2) chiral centers, there are 2n = 4 possible configurations that lack a plane of symmetry, as the ring skeleton exists in a non-planar chair conformation. In addition,...
11.2K
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions03:11

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

75.9K
Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
75.9K
Voltammetric Techniques: Cyclic Voltammetry01:10

Voltammetric Techniques: Cyclic Voltammetry

1.6K
Cyclic voltammetry (CV) is an electrochemical technique used to investigate the redox properties of a chemical species. It involves measuring the current response of an electrochemical cell as a function of the applied potential. The setup for cyclic voltammetry typically consists of a working electrode, a reference electrode, and a counter electrode—all immersed in an electrolyte solution. The working electrode is where the redox reaction of interest occurs, while the reference electrode...
1.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Neutralization of Reactive Oxygen Species with Cobinamide Augments Aortic Dissections and Rupture in BAPN-Administered Mice.

American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology·2026
Same author

Cobinamide, a Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> Analog, Attenuates Benzo[a]pyrene and Pyrene Toxicity Through Selective Redox Modulation.

Toxics·2026
Same author

Crosstalk between androgen receptor and protein kinase G signaling in bone: implications for osteoporosis therapy.

Trends in pharmacological sciences·2025
Same author

Protein kinase G2 activation restores Wnt signaling and bone mass in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in mice.

JCI insight·2024
Same author

The Antioxidant/Nitric Oxide-Quenching Agent Cobinamide Prevents Aortic Disease in a Mouse Model of Marfan Syndrome.

JACC. Basic to translational science·2024
Same author

The vitamin B<sub>12</sub> analog cobinamide ameliorates azide toxicity in cells, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, and mice.

Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2023
Same journal

The Effects of Nitrate and Nitrite Supplementation on Mitochondrial Respiration in Permeabilized Muscle Fibres in Young Healthy Adults.

Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry·2026
Same journal

Hydrogen sulfide biology comes of age: Perspectives from the 8th International Conference on H<sub>2</sub>S in biology and medicine.

Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry·2026
Same journal

Inhaled nitric oxide for reducing major adverse events requiring intensive life support in adults undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: protocol for a phase III, double-blind, multicenter randomized controlled trial (NORISC Trial).

Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry·2026
Same journal

The 8th World Congress on Hydrogen Sulfide in Biology and Medicine, Fribourg, Switzerland, July 1-3, 2026.

Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry·2026
Same journal

Photolysis of solid-state S-nitrosoglutathione: Mechanism and kinetics of nitric oxide release.

Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry·2026
Same journal

The interactions of nitric oxide with intracellular redox status and the influence of molecular hydrogen.

Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Analytical Techniques for Assaying Nitric Oxide Bioactivity
11:28

Analytical Techniques for Assaying Nitric Oxide Bioactivity

Published on: June 18, 2012

18.5K

Nitric oxide and cyclic GMP functions in bone.

Hema Kalyanaraman1, Nadine Schall1, Renate B Pilz1

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652, USA.

Nitric Oxide : Biology and Chemistry
|March 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nitric oxide (NO) regulates bone health by influencing bone cells. Targeting soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) may prevent bone loss, offering a potential osteoporosis treatment.

Keywords:
BoneEstrogen deficiencyMechanotransductionNitric oxideOsteoblastsOsteoclastsOsteoporosisProtein kinase GSoluble guanylyl cyclasecGMP

More Related Videos

Platelet-based Detection of Nitric Oxide in Blood by Measuring VASP Phosphorylation
07:13

Platelet-based Detection of Nitric Oxide in Blood by Measuring VASP Phosphorylation

Published on: January 7, 2019

8.5K
Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds
08:23

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds

Published on: February 16, 2022

4.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Analytical Techniques for Assaying Nitric Oxide Bioactivity
11:28

Analytical Techniques for Assaying Nitric Oxide Bioactivity

Published on: June 18, 2012

18.5K
Platelet-based Detection of Nitric Oxide in Blood by Measuring VASP Phosphorylation
07:13

Platelet-based Detection of Nitric Oxide in Blood by Measuring VASP Phosphorylation

Published on: January 7, 2019

8.5K
Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds
08:23

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds

Published on: February 16, 2022

4.9K

Area of Science:

  • Skeletal Biology
  • Molecular Signaling
  • Bone Physiology

Background:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) is crucial for maintaining skeletal homeostasis.
  • NO is produced in bone cells responding to mechanical stress and estrogen.
  • NO signaling involves soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) and cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinases (PKGs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of NO and cGMP in bone formation and resorption.
  • To examine NO's function in bone adaptation to mechanical stimuli.
  • To discuss therapeutic potential of NO-related pathways for osteoporosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of skeletal phenotypes in mice lacking NO synthases and PKGs.
  • Analysis of NO and cGMP effects on osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
  • Examination of preclinical and clinical data on NO donors and sGC activators.

Main Results:

  • NO promotes proliferation, differentiation, and survival of bone-forming cells.
  • NO inhibits differentiation and activity of bone-resorbing osteoclasts.
  • NO and cGMP are involved in bone's response to mechanical loading.

Conclusions:

  • NO signaling pathways are critical regulators of skeletal homeostasis.
  • Targeting sGC, either with NO donors or NO-independent activators, shows promise for preventing bone loss.
  • sGC is a potential therapeutic target for osteoporosis treatment.