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Related Concept Videos

Facilitated Transport01:19

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The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
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In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Generation of Organotypic Raft Cultures from Primary Human Keratinocytes
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Drops Floating on Granular Rafts: A Tool for Liquid Transport and Delivery.

Etienne Jambon-Puillet1, Christophe Josserand1,2, Suzie Protière1

  • 1Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7190, Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert , F-75005 Paris , France.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|March 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a simple method using solid particles to create water-in-water capsules. These armored capsules effectively encapsulate and transport water-soluble compounds, offering new possibilities for green chemistry and cell biology applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Science
  • Materials Science
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Solid particles are crucial for modifying liquid interfaces, enabling applications like emulsion and foam stabilization.
  • Controlling interfacial phenomena is key for developing novel encapsulation technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel, cost-effective method for producing large water-in-water capsules using solid particles.
  • To investigate the mechanism of capsule formation and the properties of the resulting shell.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a "granular raft" of large, dense, hydrophobic particles to prevent droplet coalescence at an oil-water interface.
  • Inducing capsule formation via mechanical instability caused by the combined load of a floating drop and particles.
  • Employing theoretical modeling to analyze raft behavior and predict capsule shell characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Successfully produced millimetric to centimetric water-in-water capsules with an "armored" shell.
  • Demonstrated that the capsule shell exhibits both solid-like and liquid-like properties.
  • The developed method is easy, affordable, and scalable.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed granular raft method offers a unique approach to creating armored capsules.
  • These capsules provide isolated, transportable, and releasable containment for water-soluble compounds.
  • Potential applications span green chemistry, cell biology, and the delivery of active ingredients in aqueous systems.