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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 1
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How Does Vaccinia Virus Interfere With Interferon?

Geoffrey L Smith1, Callum Talbot-Cooper1, Yongxu Lu1

  • 1University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

Advances in Virus Research
|March 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Viruses, especially poxviruses, evade the antiviral effects of interferons (IFNs) by producing numerous proteins. Vaccinia virus proteins target various stages of the IFN response, from production to antiviral action.

Keywords:
AP-1GASIRF3ISREInnate immunityInterferonInterferon alpha/betaInterferon gammaInterferon lambdasInterferon receptorsInterferon-inducible genesJAK–StatNF-κBSignaling pathwaysSmallpoxVaccineVaccinia virus

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Interferons (IFNs) are crucial secreted glycoproteins inducing an antiviral state in cells.
  • Viruses have evolved strategies to counteract IFNs, as IFNs restrict their replication before adaptive immunity develops.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms by which poxviruses, specifically Vaccinia virus, interfere with the interferon (IFN) system.
  • To detail the diverse strategies employed by viral proteins to evade IFN-mediated antiviral responses.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on poxvirus and interferon interactions.
  • Analysis of Vaccinia virus proteins known to modulate IFN pathways.

Main Results:

  • Poxviruses encode numerous proteins that interfere with IFN.
  • Vaccinia virus proteins act intracellularly and extracellularly to inhibit IFN production, receptor binding, signal transduction, and the activity of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs).

Conclusions:

  • Vaccinia virus employs a comprehensive strategy to subvert the host IFN response.
  • Understanding these viral evasion mechanisms is key to developing effective antiviral therapies.