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Related Concept Videos

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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Conservation of Protein Domains Over Different Proteins02:26

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Protein domains are small structurally independent units that are part of a single amino acid chain.  Although these domains are often structurally independent, they may rely on synergistic effects to perform their functions as part of a larger protein. Protein domains may be conserved within the same organism, as well as across different organisms.
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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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CRISPR01:59

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Ubiquitous and Tissue-specific RNA Targeting in Drosophila Melanogaster using CRISPR/CasRx
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Cas13d Is a Compact RNA-Targeting Type VI CRISPR Effector Positively Modulated by a WYL-Domain-Containing Accessory

Winston X Yan1, Shaorong Chong1, Huaibin Zhang1

  • 1Arbor Biotechnologies, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

Molecular Cell
|March 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists discovered a new CRISPR-Cas system, subtype VI-D (Cas13d), which is smaller and more versatile for RNA targeting and detection. This finding expands the CRISPR toolkit for biotechnological applications.

Keywords:
CRISPRCRISPR-CasRNA editingRNA targetinggene editinggenome engineeringtype VI CRISPR-Cas systems

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Substrate Generation for Endonucleases of CRISPR/Cas Systems
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • CRISPR-Cas systems are microbial adaptive immune systems targeting nucleic acids.
  • Class 2 CRISPR-Cas systems employ single protein effectors for RNA-guided DNA or RNA targeting.
  • Existing CRISPR-Cas systems offer diverse functionalities for research and biotechnology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize novel RNA-targeting CRISPR-Cas systems.
  • To investigate the features and potential applications of newly discovered systems.

Main Methods:

  • Genomic data aggregation from multiple sources.
  • Bioinformatic analysis to predict and identify CRISPR-Cas systems.
  • Functional characterization of identified Cas13d orthologs and accessory proteins in vitro.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of CRISPR-Cas subtype VI-D, featuring small Cas13d effectors with dual HEPN domains.
  • Cas13d systems exhibit RNA targeting and collateral cleavage activity without sequence constraints.
  • Accessory proteins (WYL1, WYL-b) modulate Cas13d activity, indicating a common regulatory mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • Cas13d represents a novel, compact RNA-guided nuclease with unique targeting properties.
  • The modular regulation of Cas13d by WYL proteins offers flexibility for biotechnological applications.
  • This discovery expands the CRISPR toolkit for RNA manipulation, detection, and diagnostics.