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Related Concept Videos

Gallbladder01:17

Gallbladder

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The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ that plays a crucial role in our digestive system. Measuring about 10 cm in length, it is comparable in size to a kiwi fruit and is located in a hollow area on the lower surface of the liver. The gallbladder's primary function is to store and concentrate bile, a fluid produced by the liver that aids in digestion.
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Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
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Conversion of Units01:36

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Sometimes, there is a need to convert from one unit to another one. For instance, reading a cookbook in which quantities are expressed in units of liters or ounces may require conversion of quantities to cups. Or, when looking up directions on how to get to a location, we may be interested to know how many miles we are going to walk. In this case, we would have to convert units of feet or meters to miles.
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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Gallbladder Nonvisualization in Cholecystectomy: A Factor for Conversion.

Daniel R Slack1, Shaunda Grisby2, Uzoamaka Kimberly Dike2

  • 1Surgery Department, Waterbury Hospital, Waterbury, Connecticut.

JSLS : Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons
|March 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nonvisualization of the gallbladder during minimally invasive cholecystectomy significantly increases complication and conversion risks. Early recognition of nonvisualization can prompt surgeons to convert to open procedures, enhancing patient safety.

Keywords:
CholecystectomyConversion to openGallbladder diseaseLaparoscopySurveys and questionnaires

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Area of Science:

  • Surgical Innovation
  • Minimally Invasive Surgery
  • Patient Safety

Background:

  • Minimally invasive cholecystectomies have known risk factors for complications and conversion.
  • Nonvisualization of the gallbladder (GB) during surgery has not been previously identified as a specific risk factor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if intraoperative nonvisualization of the GB is associated with increased complications and conversion rates.
  • To determine if nonvisualization can serve as an early indicator for higher-risk procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of minimally invasive cholecystectomies from January 2015 to April 2016.
  • Surgeons completed post-operative surveys detailing intraoperative findings.
  • Analysis of outcomes including conversion rates, intraoperative complications, and estimated blood loss (EBL).

Main Results:

  • Conversion rate was 37% in cases with nonvisualized GBs versus 0% in visualized GBs (P = .001).
  • Significantly higher rates of GB perforations (74% vs 13%), omental vessel bleeding (16% vs 0%), and EBL (46 mL vs 29 mL) were observed with nonvisualization (P = .001).

Conclusions:

  • Intraoperative nonvisualization of the GB is a significant risk factor for complications and conversion in minimally invasive cholecystectomy.
  • Recognizing nonvisualization can aid surgeons in early conversion to open surgery, improving patient safety.
  • Further randomized controlled trials are recommended to validate these findings.