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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Introduction to z Scores01:06

Introduction to z Scores

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A z score (or standardized value) is measured in units of the standard deviation. It tells you how many standard deviations the value x is above (to the right of) or below (to the left of) the mean, μ. Values of x that are larger than the mean have positive z scores, and values of x that are smaller than the mean have negative z scores. If x equals the mean, then x has a zero z score. It is important to note that the mean of the z scores is zero, and the standard deviation is one.
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Introduction to z Scores01:05

Introduction to z Scores

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A z score (or standardized value) is measured in units of the standard deviation. It indicates how many standard deviations the value x is above (to the right of) or below (to the left of) the mean, μ. Values of x that are larger than the mean have positive z scores, and values of x that are smaller than the mean have negative z scores. If x equals the mean, then x has a zero z score. It is important to note that the mean of the z scores is zero, and the standard deviation is one.
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z Scores and Area Under the Curve01:17

z Scores and Area Under the Curve

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z scores are the standardized values obtained after converting a normal distribution into a standard normal distribution. A z score is measured in units of the standard deviation. The z score tells you how many standard deviations the value x is above (to the right of) or below (to the left of) the mean, μ. Values of x that are larger than the mean have positive z scores, and values of x that are smaller than the mean have negative z scores. If x equals the mean, then x has a z score of...
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z Scores and Unusual Values01:07

z Scores and Unusual Values

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The z score is one of the three measures of relative standing. It describes the location of a value in a dataset relative to the mean. z scores are obtained after the standardization of the values in a dataset. The z score for the mean is 0.
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Flow-sorting and Exome Sequencing of the Reed-Sternberg Cells of Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma
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Novel prognostic scoring system for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Pan Zhao1, Li Zang1, Xiaoying Zhang1

  • 1Department of Hematology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China.

Oncology Letters
|March 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found that a high platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is a significant predictor of poor outcomes in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). A new scoring system combining PLR with other factors effectively stratified patients by risk.

Keywords:
diffuse large B-cell lymphomaplateletplatelet-lymphocyte ratioprognosticβ2-microglobulin

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Medical Statistics

Background:

  • Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma with variable prognoses.
  • Identifying reliable prognostic markers is crucial for optimizing patient management and treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the prognostic value of platelet count (PLT) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in DLBCL.
  • To develop a novel prognostic scoring system for DLBCL patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 309 newly diagnosed DLBCL patients.
  • Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to determine optimal PLT (250×10^9/l) and PLR (170) thresholds.
  • Multivariate analysis and Cox regression to identify significant prognostic factors.

Main Results:

  • High PLT (≥250×10^9/l) and PLR (≥170) were associated with significantly decreased overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).
  • PLR, but not PLT, was an independent prognostic factor for OS and PFS in multivariate analysis.
  • A novel prognostic score combining PLR, β2-microglobulin, and IPI/aaIPI divided patients into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups with distinct 5-year OS rates (86.4%, 54.1%, 21.1%).

Conclusions:

  • The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio is a significant independent prognostic factor in DLBCL.
  • The newly developed prognostic scoring system effectively predicts survival outcomes in DLBCL patients.
  • This novel system can aid in prognosis evaluation and guide clinical treatment decisions for DLBCL.