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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Transaxillary First Rib Resection for Treatment of the Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Published on: September 13, 2020
Catamenial pneumothorax caused by thoracic endometriosis
Paolo Maniglio1, Enzo Ricciardi2, Federica Meli1
1Surgical and Medical Department of Translational Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Psycology, University of Rome "Sapienza", Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00139 Rome, Italy.
Background:
Thoracic endometriosis syndrome is a rare form of extrapelvic endometriosis characterized by the presence of functioning endometrial tissue in pleura, lung parenchyma, and airways, associated with a high rate of infertility.
Case Report:
We have reported a case of successful management and treatment of thoracic endometriosis syndrome that occurred in a 37-year-old female patient. She underwent thoracoscopic resection of the lesion. During follow-up, we revealed the recurrence of a previously surgically treated thoracic endometriosis. She was initially treated with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist; subsequently this was replaced by a prophylactic treatment with Dienogest.
Conclusion:
The diagnosis of thoracic endometriosis is challenging. The first line of treatment is medical, whereas the surgical treatment is performed secondly. Moreover, surgical treatment can lead to a significant rate of recurrence, often reduced by a coadjutant medical treatment.
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