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Arrhythmias are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that lead to abnormal heartbeats. These irregularities can originate from different parts of the heart and are classified based on their origin and nature.
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Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
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Electroporation of Craniofacial Mesenchyme
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Craniofacial Actinomyces osteomyelitis evolving from sinusitis.

Joseph Y Shen1, Neal D Futran2, Maya G Sardesai2

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Radiology Case Reports
|March 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Craniofacial Actinomyces osteomyelitis can progress to severe bone destruction if left untreated. Early medical and surgical intervention, alongside a multidisciplinary approach, is crucial for managing this rare condition.

Keywords:
ActinomycesCervicofacial actinomycosisOsteomyelitis

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Actinomyces osteomyelitis of the craniofacial region is uncommon, often diagnosed and treated early.
  • Prompt medical management typically prevents extensive disease progression.

Observation:

  • A 56-year-old male smoker with sinusitis initially received medical management.
  • Delayed follow-up resulted in the patient presenting with advanced, erosive bony disease affecting the midface, skull base, and cranium.

Findings:

  • Despite staged surgical debridement and free tissue reconstruction, the patient's Actinomyces osteomyelitis remains controlled but not cured.
  • Literature review indicates limited craniofacial Actinomyces osteomyelitis cases are usually successfully treated with combined medical and surgical approaches.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the potential for craniofacial Actinomyces osteomyelitis to become debilitating when treatment is delayed or inadequate.
  • A multidisciplinary team approach is essential for managing complex and progressive cases of Actinomyces osteomyelitis in the craniofacial area.