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Area of Science:

  • Forensic toxicology
  • Analytical chemistry

Background:

  • Nail analysis is a potential alternative to hair analysis for drug testing.
  • Distinguishing external drug contamination from systemic ingestion is crucial for accurate interpretation of results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of decontamination methods for drug-exposed nail clippings.
  • To assess if a wash criterion used for hair analysis can differentiate contamination from ingestion in nails.

Main Methods:

  • Nail clippings were soaked in cocaine, methamphetamine, or morphine solutions.
  • Standard methanol rinsing and an extended wash protocol (isopropanol, phosphate buffer-albumin) were applied.
  • The extended wash method was tested on both contaminated nail models and presumptive positive workplace samples.

Main Results:

  • A standard methanol rinse failed to remove significant amounts of drug contamination.
  • The extended wash protocol successfully removed most externally applied drugs from nail clippings.
  • The wash criterion, effective for hair, could not reliably differentiate contamination from ingestion in nail samples.

Conclusions:

  • Extended washing protocols show promise for removing external drug contamination from nails.
  • Current wash criteria used in hair analysis are insufficient to differentiate drug ingestion from external contamination in nail clippings.
  • Further research is needed to develop reliable methods for differentiating drug ingestion from contamination in nail analysis.