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Related Concept Videos

Sinusoidal Sources01:18

Sinusoidal Sources

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Direct current (DC) refers to an electric current that flows in a single direction, maintaining a constant polarity. This is in contrast to alternating current (AC), which periodically changes its direction and magnitude. AC forms the backbone of modern electricity transmission and distribution systems due to its efficient long-distance transmission capabilities.
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AC Sources01:20

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Direct current is a flow of electric charge in only one direction and has a steady state of constant voltage in the circuit. Rectifiers, batteries, commutator-equipped generators, and fuel cells are some examples of devices that generate direct current. Nowadays, most applications use a time-varying voltage source. Alternating current is a flow of electric charge that periodically reverses direction. An alternating current is produced by an alternating emf that is generated in a power plant. If...
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Sources of Law01:26

Sources of Law

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Laws form the essential rules set by governing authorities to shape and control societal behavior. In nursing, laws guide actions, safeguard patient rights, define nurses' scope of practice, and maintain professional standards. Understanding the legal framework governing nursing involves recognizing four primary sources of law: constitutional, statutory, administrative (regulatory), and common law.
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Source Transformation01:15

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Source transformation is a fundamental technique employed in circuit analysis, offering a valuable tool for simplifying complex electrical circuits. This technique involves the replacement of either a voltage source in series with a resistor by a current source in parallel with a resistor, or vice versa. The key concept here is that when the original sources are deactivated (turned off), the equivalent resistance at the circuit's end terminals remains the same.
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Multiple Voltage Sources01:25

Multiple Voltage Sources

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Generally, a single battery is not enough to power some devices. In such cases, batteries can be combined in two ways: in series or in parallel.
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Independent and Dependent Sources01:18

Independent and Dependent Sources

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In electrical circuits, sources play a crucial role in providing power for the operation of the circuit. These sources can be broadly categorized into two types: independent and dependent.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
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Retinal Arteriovenous Malformation Assessment Using Swept-Source OCT Angiography.

Rohan Chawla, Amar Pujari, Kanhaiya Mittal

    Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers & Imaging Retina
    |March 20, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) reveals a rare retinal arteriovenous malformation. This advanced imaging highlights anomalous vessels and associated retinal layer disruptions, offering new diagnostic insights.

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    Retinal Vascular Reactivity as Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
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    Retinal Vascular Reactivity as Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

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    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Medical Imaging
    • Vascular Biology

    Background:

    • Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) offers advanced visualization of retinal and choroidal vasculature.
    • Its high speed and depth penetration enable detailed analysis of retinal layers.

    Observation:

    • The study presents SS-OCTA features of a rare retinal arteriovenous malformation (AVM).
    • Analysis revealed anomalous, large-caliber vessels spanning retinal thickness.
    • Associated findings included inner retinal echolucent changes and outer retinal layer disruption.

    Findings:

    • Outer retinal layers, including photoreceptor segments, were disrupted beneath tortuous vessels outside the foveola.
    • No capillary nonperfusion or significant macular edema was observed.
    • The foveal outer retinal layers remained intact due to less extensive vessel involvement.

    Implications:

    • SS-OCTA provides detailed insights into the vascular and structural abnormalities of rare retinal conditions.
    • This imaging modality aids in understanding the impact of AVMs on retinal integrity.
    • The findings contribute to the diagnostic characterization of retinal vascular anomalies.