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Thyroid dysfunction in institutionalised Down's syndrome adults.

H G Kinnell, N Gibbs, J D Teale

    Psychological Medicine
    |May 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Individuals with Down syndrome have a higher risk of thyroid dysfunction, including hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Routine thyroid function testing is recommended for older adults with Down syndrome, especially those with thyroid antibodies.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Genetics
    • Clinical Medicine

    Background:

    • Down syndrome is associated with an increased risk of autoimmune diseases.
    • Thyroid dysfunction is a common comorbidity in individuals with Down syndrome.
    • Previous studies report varying rates of thyroid hypofunction in this population.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in institutionalized individuals with Down syndrome.
    • To compare thyroid function and antibody presence between Down syndrome subjects and controls.
    • To establish recommendations for thyroid screening in Down syndrome.

    Main Methods:

    • A case-control study was conducted with 111 institutionalized Down syndrome subjects and 74 controls.
    • Thyroid function tests (hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism) were performed.

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  • Thyroid microsomal antibodies were measured.

    • Main Results:

    • The Down syndrome group showed a significantly higher risk of hypothyroidism (9%) and hyperthyroidism (1.8%) compared to controls.
    • Thyroid microsomal antibodies were present in 29% of the Down syndrome group, a significantly higher rate than controls.
    • While lower than some previous reports, the observed rates indicate a notable risk of thyroid dysfunction.

    Conclusions:

    • Individuals with Down syndrome have an elevated risk for thyroid dysfunction, including hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.
    • Routine thyroid function testing is recommended for older Down syndrome subjects.
    • Special attention should be given to the clinical status of Down syndrome individuals with positive thyroid microsomal antibodies.